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Volokolamsk Highway
''Volokolamsk Highway'' (Russian: «Волоколамское шоссе») is a novel written by Alexandr Bek, published in Russian in 1944, with later translations into English, Hebrew, Spanish, Chinese, German and many other languages during the 1940s and '50s. The novel, based on real events in October, 1941, during the Battle of Moscow, describes defensive fighting over several days by a single battalion of the 316th Rifle Division against elements of German Army Group Center. Both for its realism and for its practical advice on infantry tactics in modern war, ''Volokolamsk Highway'' became standard reading for junior officers in the Red Army and later Soviet Army, the forces of the arising State of Israel, and most socialist and revolutionary movements during the latter part of the 20th Century. The novel has been out of print in English for several decades.
== Creation and inspiration ==
After a short term of service as a volunteer in the 8th (Krasnaya Presnya) Volunteer Rifle Division,〔Rodric Braithwaite; ''Moscow 1941''; Vintage Books, New York, 2007; p 109〕 Bek, who already had an established reputation as a writer, was reassigned as a war correspondent. In March, 1942, he was attached to the former 316th Rifle Division, now the 8th Guards "Panfilov" Rifle Division, where he met then-Captain Baurjan Momysh-Uly.〔This is the spelling of his name used in the English translation, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow, c. 1945〕 Bek had been told of Momysh-Uly's heroic conduct as a Senior Lieutenant in command of the 1st Battalion of the 1077th Rifle Regiment in the October battles before Moscow. Bek saw this as the basis of a lightly-fictionalized novel to commemorate the defenders of the Soviet capital. Momysh-Uly was very reluctant to cooperate, but he eventually gave his story, and Bek captured his reluctance in the novel. In the end, Momysh-Uly strongly disapproved of Bek's book, which he claimed to be an unrealistic depiction of events, and criticized the author relentlessly for the remainder of his life.〔Brandon Schechter. ''(The Language of the Sword: Alexksandr Bek, The Writers Union and Baurdzhan Momysh-uly in Battle for the Memory of Volokolamskoe Shosse )''. Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, University of California, Berkeley (August 1, 2009). pp. 4-5, 27, etc..〕 He later produced his own series of books to tell the story from his perspective.〔Rodric Braithwaite; ''Moscow 1941''; Vintage Books, New York, 2007; pp 268, 355〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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